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Classification Personnel
Two Classifications Of Computer Controls
Although the threat to security is seen as external, sometimes, the more dangerous threats are those which are of internal origin within a certain organization. The use of computers in a business for example, can have negative results due to its susceptibility to computer and/or employee fraud. That is why controls are needed to safeguard properly a particular system. Controls refer to measures which essentially prevent, detect and correct conditions that may lead to loss or damage to the
business firm.
There are actually two classifications of computer controls and they are known as general controls and application controls.
General controls technology refers to the techniques that a company adopts to ensure its control environment is stable and well managed. These controls actually provide reasonable assurance that changes to computer programs are authorized to be made and that access to these programs and related data files are limited to authorized users alone. Therefore, general controls help ensure the reliability of data generated by information technology systems and support the assertion that systems operate as intended and that output is reliable.
General controls can be attained by the use of organizational and personnel controls, which consists of systems analysis, programming of both the systems and other applications, database administration, data preparation, operations, data library and data control. Preferably, in a large system, all of these functions are segregated to different departments or workers at least.
File security or software controls are procedures that protect computer files from other
accidental or intentional abuse. Having hardware controls is also another means of having general controls. These hardware controls involve built-in controls in the computers by the manufacturer which will detect malfunction. Some of the common types of hardware controls are parity check, duplicate reading, echo check, interlock, validity test, file protection ring and boundary protection.
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